Disease Of Retina And Its Treatment

Retinal diseases are the category of diseases that affects the retina. The conditions vary on the criteria of severity, almost all the condition causes visual problems. Patient with retinal diseases may experience poor vision, floaters, low night vision, loss of peripheral vision, and vision loss. If the patient has any of these symptoms or any other symptoms related to vision, he should immediately consult a Retina specialist in India.

Retinal Detachment

Retinal detachment is caused when thin tissue of eye called as retina pulls away from its normal position. In this condition, retinal cells separate from a thin layer of blood vessels that are responsible for oxygen and nourishment supply.

Treatment

For prevention of retinal detachment, the doctor may recommend surgery. The type of surgery is depending on the condition of the retina and overall health of the eye. Types of surgery which can be indicated in retinal detachment are:

• Injectingexpandable gas into vitreous which seals the retinal break.
• Indenting the surface of the eye
• Draining and replacing the fluid in the eye

Macular Hole

In this condition, a small break occurs in the macula. The macula is a part of the eye which is located in the center of the retina. Macula provides a sharp and clear vision for reading, driving and seeing the fine object. Damaged macula leads to blurred and centrally distorted vision.

Treatment

Vitrectomy is a widely used treatment for macular hole. In this procedure, the vitreous gel is removed and a bubble of gas is delivered in the eye.Gas bubble provides a pressure on edge of macular hole till it heals.

Macular Degeneration

Macular degeneration is a disease which causes vision loss. Macular degeneration is two types:

• Dry macular degeneration: In this condition, the central part of retina gets deteriorated.
• Wet macular degeneration: In this condition, leaky blood vessels grow in the retina.

Treatment

The doctor may prescribe a combination therapy of minerals and vitamins. This combination therapy may stop the progression of the disease. Doctors may also recommend laser surgery after considering overall eye health.

Retinitis Pigmentosa

Retinitis pigmentosa is a genetic disease which results in loss of cells of the retina. It is considered a rare disease which causes the breakdown of the retinal layer. The patient suffering from this condition may experience loss of peripheral vision and poor vision at night.

Treatment

Treatment of retinitis pigmentosa is still not available. But some treatments may help manage the condition:

• Retinitis pigmentosa gene therapy
• RP stem cell treatment
• Growth factors
• Retinal implants
• Low vision aids

Diabetic Eye Disease

Diabetic eye disease is caused when blood vessels of tissue which are located in the back of the eye get damages. This condition is occurring in patients with diabetes. In this condition, the patient is not able to get a clear vision. A diabetic eye disease is a group of disease caused due to diabetes. These include diabetic macular edema, diabetic retinopathy, cataract, and glaucoma.

Treatment

Although medications may help in managing the conditions and prevent the progression of the disease, in some cases, surgeries such as laser treatment, vitrectomy, and cataract lens surgery may be recommended.

Retinoblastoma

It is a type of eye cancer which starts from the retina. It occurs most commonly in children and rarely in adults. Retinoblastoma is caused in one or both eyes.

Treatment

Treatment of retinoblastoma depends on various factors such as:

• Size and location of the tumor
• Whether cancer spread outside the eyes
• The tumor is present one or both eye

Based on the above factors, treatments such as chemotherapy, laser eye surgery, and radiation therapy are recommended.

Retinal Lens Fragment

Retinal lens fragment is caused when lens fragments or cataract pieces may fall in the back of the eye during cataract surgery. Due to cataract fragments, the inflammatory reaction gets initiated which creates pressure and inflammation on the retina. This condition may result in poor vision and other vision disorders.

Treatment

For removing cataract fragments, a vitreoretinal surgeon performed a surgery known as “pars plana vitrectomy”. In this surgery, the fragment of cataracts and vitreous gel is safely removed. Air bubble along with saline is injected in the eye which accelerates healing.